Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmanns film interpretation Essays

Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmanns film interpretation Essays Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmanns film interpretation Paper Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmanns film interpretation Paper The prologue creates family tension by portraying the violence and hate-filled from the very beginning. It introduces the feud to the audience and highlights how it will play a major role throughout the production. ‘From ancient grudge break to new mutiny’ this displays the confliction and rivalry between the two households. The prologue is used at the beginning of the play to inform the audience of the story line, and it is done to create pathos for the audience to help evoke emotion. It is presented as a sonnet; with three quatrains and a rhyming couplet at the end, this emphasizes the importance of the prologue. ‘From fort the fatal lion of these two foes, a pair of star-cross’d lover take their life’ this informs you of the key themes; death marked love and fate. Stars were often related to destiny therefore implying that Romeo and Juliet are destined to die. Baz Luhrmann further develops the family tension by presenting the prologue on a TV news broadcast; this heightens the tension as it shows the importance of the feud between the Montagues and Capulet’s. By using a black female reporter it shows the universal awareness, indicating the importance to be shown on national television. Using media also makes it look a lot more realistic and modernized. Luhrmann has used fire as a motif, to display the strong, hatred this is also used in act 1 scene 1. Luhrmann has projected the two household’s names on identical sky scrapers. They are in contrasting colours to emphasise. Furthermore the sky scrapers also convey their high status in society; they are both rich and powerful families. Finally helicopters have been used to evoke a sense of impression of a warzone. They are used to illustrate how the violence has subsided. Act 1 scene 5 creates further family tension, this is evident from â€Å"by his voice, this should be a Montague. Fetch me my rapier, boy. † This stresses the feud between the two household. â€Å"Rapier† is a long, thin sword commonly used in the 16th century for thrusting attacks. This therefore suggests that Tybalt is going to hurt Romeo, foreshadowing his death. Tybalt is presented as an antagonist throughout the production. He is outraged that a Montague is present at the party, however Capulet reprimands him. â€Å"He shall be endur’d† the word â€Å"shall† is a command, Tybalt isn’t given the option. This portrays Lord Capulet’s authority and hierarchy through the choice of lexis. Tension is evident between Lord Capulet and Tybalt through â€Å"I’ll make you quiet† this is an indirect threat, inferring that if he doesn’t back off he will become violent. Luhrmann further exemplifies the character through his choice of costumes. Tybalt is presented as the antagonist throughout the production. Luhrmann deliberately dresses him as a devil, because in most religions the devil is related to unnatural evil. The red costume can also be interpreted as connotation, to emphasise his anger. However, the glitter on the costume reduces the severity and intimidation of his character. Capulet is dressed as a royal emperor. He is predominantly in tyrian purple which would have only been affordable to the elites, so it is commonly associated with royalty and nobility. This further exemplifies his hierarchy and how powerful he his character is. Luhrmann interprets the scene adding extreme violence; Capulet forcefully slaps Tybalt cause inner family tension. This is then contrasted with In Act 3 scene 1, Mercutio further creates tension between the two houses by bellowing a curse on both the Capulet’s and the Montage’s . Their feud has killed him. â€Å"A plague on both your houses† The punctuation in this paragraph is very choppy. Changing the rhythm emphasizes and portrays his anger. Mercutio repeats the phrase three times during the scene to intensify the emotion and move the audience. This curse would have affected the audience them as their devout Christian belief made them very superstitious. This highlights one of the key themes; fate. Baz Luhrmann further develops this by using pathetic fallacy of thunder this is used to echo the mood of fear and add tension to the atmosphere. When Mercutio bellows this he is elevated above everyone else, making the curse more powerful and intense as if he is preaching. He uses a close up shot to illustrate the womb, Mercutio is wearing a white shirt this makes the womb look more horrific and serve. Luhrmann also inserts another clip into Act 3 scene 2 of Juliet in her bedroom; he uses a soliloquy to display her emotions and inner thoughts. The intense love displayed in the clip contrasts with the anger of Romeo before he kills Tybalt creates pathos for the audience. At beginning of act 3 scene 5, Juliet swears to her mother â€Å"I will not marry yet; and, when I do, I swear, It shall be Romeo† Shakespeare has used dramatic irony to add suspense and humour to the scene; as Juliet is already married to Romeo. This creates family tension due to the abandoned loyalty she has displayed towards her family. Juliet states she won’t look deeply into Paris’s eyes. No more deep will I endart mine eye†. In that era they believed that love entered through the eyes, she is therefore forbidding to love Paris. This contrasts with when she met Romeo for the first time. They gazed into each other’s eyes falling deeply in love. Baz Luhrmann further interpreted it as their eyes met looking into a fish tank. The fish tank represents the tranquillity, while all the chaos is happening around them. Juliet has been portrayed as a very gentle and calm character throughout the production, however in this scene she confronts her father and refuses to marry Paris. Capulet is outraged; this is evident from â€Å"my fingers itch† suggesting temptation for physical violence. â€Å"We have a curse in having her† suggesting having Juliet as a child was their misfortune; this emphasises his shame and hatred. The word â€Å"curse† would have had a strong effect on the audience as they were extremely superstitious. Capulet is so enraged he threatens to disown her if she refuses to marry â€Å"Or never after look me in the face†. This was like a death penalty to women as they were unable to earn money due in the patriarchal society they lived in. An Elizabethan audience would have found this moving. It also highlights one of the key themes of the production; honour! Baz Luhrmann further develops family tension in Act 3 scene 5 through the stage directions of the mother. Lady Capulet’s fear of talking to Juliet without the Nurse present establishes her as an ineffectual mother. Tension is created due to the lack of mother and daughter relationship which is apparent throughout the production. He also includes brutal attack and violence against Juliet this highlights the inner family tension. this by using different angles with the camera. He uses a close up shot of Capulet, concentrating on his face. This highlights the expression of anger. Capulet’s strong tone of voice portrays his anger and emotion. He uses fast music to create mood and atmosphere. Baz Luhrmann has successfully modernised Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet for a contemporary audience. Luhrmann uses visual techniques of lighting, colour and camera angles to convey atmosphere of tension and related emotions.

Free sample - Alcoholism. translation missing

Alcoholism. AlcoholismAlcoholism is am addiction disease. It is widespread and serious disease, which exists in a modern world. Alcoholism brings consequences on physical, psychological, social and economical functioning of a person that consumes alcohol. Even if alcohol is being consumed for centuries, studying the harmful effects that alcohol causes started recently. In the beginning, alcoholism was not considered a disease, it was considered a vice. However, the World Health Organization declared alcoholism a disease in 1951, and the problem related to defining alcoholism appears. Defining alcoholism was difficult because the â€Å"alcoholism† includes variety of physical, psychological and social changes. Ayd defined alcoholism as a chronic disease with combined influence of genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors, which have strong influence in the development of alcoholism and its manifestations. It is considered as a progressive disease, which can be fatal, and it can be characterized by reduced control over consummation of alcohol, high level of preoccupation with alcohol, usage of alcohol (despite consequences), and possible appearance of distortions in thinking (such as denial) (27). Alcoholism is a chronicle disease, characterized with persistent consummation of alcohol, even with the knowledge of harmful effect that it produces. It manifests as incapability of controlling the act of drinking, and as a time goes by the whole life of an alcoholic is subordinated to drinking. The drinking is conducted, usually, on a daily basis, and it can be common for an alcoholic to deny this craving, although they do not want to eliminate the alcohol from their life. DSM IV classification represents alcoholism as an illness that includes alcohol abuse and dependence, which can be episodic or continuous. Alcoholism can be viewed as use of alcohol in a quantity and a frequency, which causes significant physiological, psychological, sociological or occupational problems (Ayd, 21). World Health Organization presented the following definition of alcoholism: â€Å"A chronic behavioral disorder manifested by repeated drinking of alcoholic beverages in excess of the dietary and social uses of the community and to an extent that interferes with the drinker’s health or his social or economic functions† (Zimberg, 4.). Jellinek (via Zimberg) gave the classification of several types of alcoholism: â€Å"alpha alcoholism†, defined as an abuse of alcohol, which is used to relieve physical or psychological pain, without losing the ability to control the drinking, with no withdrawal symptoms and no significant progression of the disease. â₠¬Å"Beta alcoholism†, defined as an alcoholism that has no physical or psychological dependence; it can be progressive and can produce medical complications. â€Å"Gamma alcoholism† represents the type of alcoholism in which control over drinking does not exist, and it produces physical, psychological and social problems. â€Å"Delta alcoholism† is a type of alcoholism that produces physical, psychological and social problems, and the person that drinks has a potential possibility of abstaining from alcohol for some period. â€Å"Epsilon alcoholism† is described as a periodic binge drinking (4). Symptoms of alcoholism - There is no one symptom that could define the alcoholism. The symptoms of alcoholism can be diverse and can vary, mostly depending on the person that consumes alcohol.   Stimmel mentioned that the National Council on Alcoholism has developed a list of signs and symptoms for diagnosing alcoholism, and that they can be divided into two main groups: definitive and probable (103). According to National Council on Alcoholism (via Stimmel), definite symptoms are: physical dependency on alcohol, followed with tremor, hallucinations and seizures; changes in psychological functioning; influence of alcohol on a brain; complications caused by drinking alcohol; continuous drinking with no consideration to many medical contraindications; indiscriminate use of alcohol; alcoholic blackouts; blood alcohol level over the 0.15 -0.30 percent. Probable symptoms of alcoholism are: loss of control over drinking; repetitive drinking and/or morning drinking; repeated attempts to a chieve abstinence; excuses from work; denying alcoholism by changing the type of alcoholic beverage; lack of interest for activities that are not associated with consummation of alcohol; low ability to control the emotion of rage when drinking, possible suicidal thoughts when drinking; using of alcohol as a method to reduce insomnia, anger and depression (103). O'Neill and Sher have emphasized next group of symptoms: spending a lot of time during the day or night thinking about alcohol, neglecting obligation because of consummation of alcohol, being late or missing the school or work, feeling a strong need for a drink early in the morning, attempting to stop with drinking, and feeling dependent on alcohol. (496). Some other symptoms of alcoholism might be tolerance and withdrawal (with possible severe withdrawal symptoms - hallucinations or convulsions), reduction of the number of activities because of drinking, using alcohol in potentially dangerous situations (driving), and time spent drinking (the time spent to consume alcohol increases over time). As the time goes by, an alcoholic will have to drink more to achieve the same â€Å"effect† that alcohol provides, and there is a possibility to see them drinking alone, by themselves, and finding excuses for exaggerated drinking. Causes of alcoholism - The alcoholism is a disease, which is caused by interaction of multiple causes. Causes are often complex and they have become numerous during the time. Grant and Gwinner considered following factors as main factors which help development of alcohol dependence: biological (impact on central nervous system, metabolism of alcohol, sensitivity to alcohol), psychological (personality traits and attitudes), and socio-cultural factors (64). According to Gifford, the causes of alcoholism should be looked for in genetics, environment and neurology (29). Also, a person who has mood disorders (anxiety or depression) is at higher risk to become dependent from alcohol. Genetics: There are evidences that support the thesis of inherited predisposition to alcohol dependence (Gifford, 29). It can be manifested as person’s vulnerability to alcohol dependence, due to the functioning of opiate receptors and the functioning of a liver. However, having a parent that is dependent on alcohol does not mean that a person will become an alcoholic itself. Genetic predispositions combined with other groups of factors (such as environmental factors) might contribute to appearance of alcohol dependence. Environment: the influence of a family on person’s development can be seen in a behavior related to alcohol consumption. Children who have alcoholic parents are at four times higher risk of developing alcohol dependence than children whose parents do not consume alcohol (Gifford, 30). The contributing influence on alcohol drinking can be availability of alcohol, being surrounded with peers that consume alcohol, advertising of alcohol (making it attractive and desirable), conflicts at the work or in home, and the presence of a partner that consumes alcohol. Other authors summarize causes of alcohol dependence, and some of them are family influence, influence of a culture, and adult situation (McCord McCord, 150). Anthony et al. conducted a research that gave following results: males are more prone to develop alcohol dependence than women are (249). Person from age 25-34 years old are more prone to develop alcohol dependence (251). Lack of employment, low academic achievement can bring a risk of development of alcohol dependence (253). Neurology: abuse of alcohol causes changes in entire body, and it especially leaves harmful consequences to a sensitive tissue of the brain. The main consequences are related to disbalance of neurotransmitters. Consummation of alcohol can cause disbalance of chemicals in the brain tissue, and it can regulate, in some way, the chemical balance in the brain. Whenever this balance is disturbed the brain might cause the body to feel the need for alcohol, in order to keep the balance of chemicals in order, while, at the same time, brain gradually looses the ability to maintain the balance on its own (Gifford, 30). Impacts of alcoholism - Alcohol consumption leads towards many complications, which can be general and long term, and can involve every aspect of a person’s life. Impact of alcoholism can be seen in health condition, psychological functioning, and socio-cultural aspect of a person’s life. According to Gifford, the most common health problems related to alcohol dependency are: problems with endocrine system (liver-alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, which produces secondary effects: vitamin deficiency, decreased absorption of fat, damages in cell structure, low blood sugar, etc. (32, 33), pancreas-diabetes), and digestive system (damage of intestine’s walls (can cause bleeding), reducing the amount of digestive enzymes (34)). There are significant problems with cardiovascular system (blood-appearance of anemia, blood clots, suppressing of the immune system, problems with creation of platelet, heart-high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia (34, 35)). Sexual related problems include practicing sex without any protection (pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases), and the appearance of problems with sexual performance in males. Alcohol can influence on women’s pregnancy and cause fetal alcohol syndrome and numerous defects on a fetus, if a mother continues to drink during the pregnancy (36). Impact of alcohol on a nervous system is manifested on brain (disbalance of neurotransmitters and tissue degeneration. Some of the problems that can occur are amnesia, dementia, abstinence syndrome and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (35, 36)) and damages of nerves (peripheral neuropathy (36)). Alcohol can contribute to problems with respiratory system: lung infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis) and possible lung scarring (36). Impact on psychological life can be seen in appearance of depression and suicidal thoughts, anxiety, possible visual and auditory hallucinations (Spielberger, 126). Social complications are related to drunk driving, worse performance at work or at school, and relationship problems (Gifford, 39). Treatment of alcoholism – because alcohol dependency is a complex disease with various types of alcohol users, and numerous causes, the treatment of this disease should use the combination of multiple types of therapy. The most common therapy is based on a combination of psychological (â€Å"12 step facilitation†, group therapy-Alcoholic Anonymous (AA), â€Å"controlled drinking† (Spielberger, 126)), and pharmaceutical therapy (such as using of naltrexone). The behavioral therapy is being used in a combination with pharmacotherapy, because psychological treatment is, sometimes, not effective for all patients (Galanter, 4). The following statistic gives insight into the severity of the alcoholism as a social problem: 14 million people in the U.S.A. are alcohol dependent. 66% of the U.S.A. population consumes alcohol. 9.8 million men and 3.9 million women abuse alcohol or they think they are alcohol-dependent. 41% of all traffic fatalities in U.S.A. are caused by drinking alcohol. Approximately 43% of U.S.A. adults have had a child, parent, sibling or spouse who is dependent on alcohol, or was dependent on alcohol† (citation is retrieved from the internet site1). Ayd, Frank J. Lexicon of psychiatry, neurology, and the neurosciences. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000 Anthony, James C. , Warner, Lynn A., Kessler, Ronald C. Comparative Epidemiology of Dependence on Tobacco, Alcohol, Controlled Substances, and Inhalants: Basic Findings From the National Comorbidity Survey. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1994. Vol. 2, No. 3, 244-268 Galanter, Marc. Research on alcoholism treatment: methodology, psychosocial treatment, selected treatment topics, research priorities. Springer, 2003 Gifford, Maria. Alcoholism. ABC-CLIO, 2009 Grant, Marcus, Gwinner, Paul. Alcoholism in perspective. Taylor Francis, 1979 McCord, William Maxwell, McCord, Joan. Origins of alcoholism. Stanford University Press, 1960 O'Neill, Susan E., Sher, Kenneth J. Physiological Alcohol Dependence Symptoms in Early Adulthood:A Longitudinal Perspective. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2000, Vol. 8, No. 4, 493-508 Spielberger, Charles D. Encyclopedia of applied psychology, Volume 1. Academic Press, 2004 Stimmel, Barry. Alcoholism, drug addiction, and the road to recovery: life on the edge. Routledge, 2002 Zimberg, Sheldon. The clinical management of alcoholism. Psychology Press, 1982

A Soldier's Home by Ernest Hemmingway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Soldier's Home by Ernest Hemmingway - Essay Example There are many different aspects in the story, as in its various use of comparisons from the view point of the narration of the main character, thus, creating a rather interesting transition in how I followed the relationship of the character to the settings involved in the story. Furthermore, I found that, the notion of having the main character clash with a variety of real issues was highly effective in harnessing the reality felt in the story, such as, in the encounter with the choices he makes concerning the values of sociality, sexuality, individuality and family. The opening of the story is especially interesting in my opinion, as it creates an immediate image in the compare and contrast of the two worlds involved around Krebs, which exposes us to his diverse social standards. These descriptions represent a vital point in the course of the story, as stated: â€Å"these snapshots introduce the double backdrop against which Harold Krebs’s story will unfold, and they prefigure the antagonism that will direct its narrative† (Baerdemaeker 56). In the first image, â€Å"There is a picture which shows him among his fraternity brothers† (Hemingway 111). In my opinion this picture portrays Krebs as a traditional American student who is full of masculine pride in the bonding of his fraternity brothers, but I felt that he was unsure of his identity as a man, for Hemmingway states that â€Å"He enlisted in the marines† (111) making this decision his choice only. Moreover, in the second image, â€Å"There is a picture which s hows him on the Rhine with two German girls and another corporeal† (Hemingway 111). This in my opinion was a rather interesting transition from Krebs’s education background to the militant background, which now consist of social norms involving politics and sexuality. As I read â€Å"Soldier’s Home† I felt a profound distinction in Krebs, in conjunction with the indifferences to the people in his home town, as to seem as if his decision to

The novel the help by kathryn stockett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The novel the help by kathryn stockett - Essay Example The diverse views of the characters indicate the behaviour of the characters, which help us understand the character development in this novel. For the case of Skeeter, we see her change her priorities throughout the novel. For instance, at first, she aspires to become a journalist for a well-known paper; she began writing answers for a local magazine and later she is seen offering advice on cleaning and cooking among other house chores. The author makes Skeeter to appear different from other white women by exhibiting her bravely, which is admirable by the audience (Kathryn, 69). She comes out strong as a defender of the house help. She exposes all the bad life the maids undergo under the hands of her friends. This is true when we see her long-term relationship with Stuart ends. The character development of Skeeter can be well approached through a focus of her relationship with situations and other characters such as Constantine and her author Kathryn Stockett. One of the fundamental moves that shape Skeeter’s character development as the protagonist in the novel The Help is her decision to move away from the social helm held by the white women. This allowed her to shape her character as exemplary amongst the white dominated populace that lived discriminative of the black house cleaners. It is observable that her decision is not expectable in the setting of this novel. This implies that, she takes a bold step conscious of the outcome which includes discrimination by her friends, which is evident. It is satisfactory that, the Skeeter character revolves around her relationship with other characters and certain scenarios in the novel. In the thirteen chapters of the novel, Skeeter is seen as a character that seeks the truth, kind and committed to help the less advantaged in the society. Constantine is a black woman hired to take care of Skeeter. Skeeter turns to develop very strong and close relationship with the woman.

Put An End To Poverty, Increase The Minimum Wage Essay -- Minimum Wage

It is not shocking to hear that tens of millions of Americans are living in poverty. Startling statistics about the poor are constantly being tossed around on television with images of run-down neighborhoods and malnourished children. The real surprise, however, is that millions of those in poverty are full-time, minimum wage earning workers. Many say one should feel morally obligated to help these people. President Barack Obama said it best in his February 2013 State of the Union address, â€Å"Let’s declare that in the wealthiest nation on earth, no one who works full time should have to live in poverty† (Lowrey n.p.). When minimum wage was created, President Roosevelt declared its purpose was to â€Å"maintain a minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general well-being, without substantially curtailing employment† (Raising the Minimum Wage 1). Considering the poverty rate and poor living conditions present today, this vision is no longer being fulfilled. In order to create a nation with acceptable living conditions, lowered poverty rates and income inequality, and a stable economy, the minimum wage must be raised to a livable rate. Opponents of an increase argue that the economy would suffer, but the reality is quite the opposite. Economic conditions could be greatly improved with a rise in minimum wage, and that is exactly why this is an issue much larger than just the working class. Minimum wage affects all classes and has a large effect on the state of the economy. For these reasons, I propose that minimum wage should be increased to a rate that will adequately provide working families with the funds necessary to survive. Minimum wage was first enacted in 1938 to ensure that workers were maintaining a livable wage. This was mandated under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, which also made sure that workers were free from exploitation and unsatisfactory workplace conditions. At the time of this legislation, minimum wage was set at $0.25 per hour; this equates to approximately $4 in 2013. Congress monitored the economy and, through the 60s and 70s, made increases to keep minimum wage at an appropriate level. Minimum wage reached its highest value in 1968 when it was raised to $1.60, or about $10.50 per hour today, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Since then, the wor... ...† New Republic 244.17 (2013): 12-14. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. Lowrey, Annie. â€Å"Raising Minimum Wage Would Ease Income Gap but Carries Political Risks.† The New York Times. 13 Feb. 2013. Web. 4 Dec. 2014. â€Å"Minimum Wage Workers: Characteristics of Those Employed at or Below the Minimum Wage.† Congressional Digest 92.5 (2013): 11-32. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. Plumer, Brad. â€Å"Here’s why 10.4 million American workers are still in poverty.† The Washington Post.12 April. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2014. Prince, Lew. â€Å"Should Congress Increase the Federal Minimum Wage and Index It To Inflation?† Congressional Digest 92.5 (2013): 22-26. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Nov. 2014. Sebelius, Kathleen. â€Å"Annual Update of the HHS Poverty Guidelines.† Federal Register. 14 Jan. 2013. Web. 4 Dec. 2014. Sullivan, Sean. â€Å"White House official: Obama supports Harkin/Miller bid to increase minimum wage.† The Washington Post.7 Nov. 2013. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Warren, John Robert, and Caitlin Hamrock. "The Effect of Minimum Wage Rates on High School Completion." Social Forces 88.3 (2010): 1379-1392. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Nov. 2014.

Interview questions Essay

My interests in becoming an instructor are guided by my professional yearn to disseminate knowledge. I wish to impact lives of individuals within my reach using my repertoire of experience so as to significantly demystify substance underlying my contextual area of specialization. Indeed, my desire is to create practical awareness to my students that would be indispensable in professional health practice. In addition, continued discovery of knowledge, which I will achieve during interaction with students, motivates me towards taking instructor’s job. My success will be derived from my commitment to deliver coupled with the experience I have gathered over the years. Furthermore, my interpersonal skills that I highly treasure will create appropriate student-instructor relationship necessary for learning. In creating positive learning environment, I will start by learning entry behavior of every student through a survey or a bibliography on valuable information. Second, I will establish personal connections with my students to demonstrate respect and value that I place on them as resources for the future. Third, positive feedback in recognition of performance and progress will describe my class for purposes of demonstrating to students their awaiting great destiny. Fourth, I will encourage students’ feedback for my self evaluation. Finally, my efforts will also be directed towards observance of appropriate discipline in class in line with set institutional regulations (Vella, 2008). I can efficiently do instructions in general health management and respiratory care. Due to the knowledge explosion that is in the health practice, it is possible that I have not taught some courses in my profession. Upon being assigned such courses, I would carefully consider the weight and demands of such a course against my professional ability. I definitely have the basic concepts in regards to health related courses and therefore I would proceed with doing vigorous research on the specific details I would need for the class. Consultations from course developer and appropriate course specialist would also constitute my preparation. Finally I would package my learning resources in relevant teaching designs such as power point presentations and practical sessions in readiness for my class. I am fit to efficiently and effectively handle HCS 510 course. Academically, I successfully pursed my Doctorate degree in Health Sciences with specialization in global health. Among areas of concern in global health included infectious diseases and psychological illnesses affecting individuals around the world. Furthermore, concepts related to pathophysiology in individuals were basic studies in my Bachelors Degree in Health Care Management. In addition, during my Masters Degree in Healthcare Administration, I attained excellent training in neurological, renal, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. Other systems studied included the cardiovascular and immune systems. As a health practitioner, I have had vast practical experience in respiratory system and the related EENT.

Overview of the Oligocene Epoch

The Oligocene epoch wasnt an especially innovative period of time with regard to its prehistoric animals, which continued along the evolutionary paths that had been pretty much locked in during the preceding Eocene (and continued on in turn during the ensuing Miocene). The Oligocene was the last major geologic subdivision of the Paleogene period (65-23 million years ago), following the Paleocene (85-56 million years ago) and Eocene (56-34 million years ago) epochs; all of these periods and epochs were themselves part of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). Climate and geography While the Oligocene epoch was still fairly temperate by modern standards, this 10-million-year stretch of geologic time saw a decrease in both average global temperatures and sea levels. All of the worlds continents were well on their way toward moving into their present positions; the most striking change occurred in Antarctica, which drifted slowly south, became more isolated from South America and Australia, and developed the polar ice cap that it retains today. Giant mountain ranges continued to form, most prominently in western North America and southern Europe. Terrestrial Life During the Oligocene Epoch Mammals. There were two major trends in mammalian evolution during the Oligocene epoch. First, the spread of newly evolved grasses across the plains of the northern and southern hemispheres opened a new ecological niche for grazing mammals. Early horses (such as Miohippus), distant rhinoceros ancestors (such as Hyracodon), and proto-camels (such as Poebrotherium) were all common sights on grasslands, often in locations you might not expect (camels, for instance, were especially thick on the ground in Oligocene North America, where they first evolved). The other trend was mostly confined to South America, which was isolated from North America during the Oligocene epoch (the Central American land bridge would not form for another 20 million years) and hosted a bizarre array of megafauna mammals, including the elephant-like Pyrotherium and the meat-eating marsupial Borhyaena (the marsupials of Oligocene South America were every match for the contemporary Australian variety). Asia, meanwhile, was home to the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived, the 20-ton Indricotherium, which bore an uncanny resemblance to a sauropod dinosaur! Birds As with the preceding Eocene epoch, the most common fossil birds of the Oligocene epoch were predatory South American terror birds (such as the unusually pint-sized Psilopterus), which mimicked the behavior of their two-legged dinosaur ancestors,  and giant penguins that lived in temperate, rather than polar, climates--Kairuku of New Zealand is a good example. Other types of birds also undoubtedly lived during the Oligocene epoch; we just havent identified many of their fossils yet! Reptiles To judge by the limited fossil remains, the Oligocene epoch wasnt an especially notable time for lizards, snakes, turtles or crocodiles. However, the plenitude of these reptiles both before and after the Oligocene provides at least circumstantial evidence that they must have prospered during this epoch as well; a lack of fossils doesnt always correspond to a lack of wildlife. Marine Life During the Oligocene Epoch The Oligocene epoch was a golden age for whales, rich in transitional species like Aetiocetus, Janjucetus, and Mammalodon (which possessed both teeth and plankton-filtering baleen plates). Prehistoric sharks continued to be the apex predators of the high seas; it was toward the end of the Oligocene, 25 million years ago, that the gigantic Megalodon, ten times bigger than the Great White Shark, first appeared on the scene. The latter part of the Oligocene epoch also witnessed the evolution of the first pinnipeds (the family of mammals that includes seals and walruses), the basal Puijila being a good example. Plant Life During the Oligocene Epoch As remarked above, the major innovation in plant life during the Oligocene epoch was the worldwide spread of newly evolved grasses, which carpeted the plains of North and South America, Eurasia and Africa--and spurred the evolution of horses, deer, and various ruminants, as well as the meat-eating mammals that preyed on them. The process that had begun during the preceding Eocene epoch, the gradual appearance of deciduous forests in place of jungles over the earths spreading non-tropical regions, also continued unabated.